Genomic Sequencing || BioAro
Genomic Sequencing
Genomic sequencing plainly refers to the determination of a microorganism's DNA at a point of time. It is a valuable tool for scientific research as it is instrumental in ascertaining the numerous fatal infections to public health. In today's modern world, genomic sequencing is increasingly being used to decipher the genetic material of an organism or even a virus.
After proper research is carried out, selected information is imparted to the general public through specific databases. This emphasizes on the virus, its origin and associated biological and bibliographic information. This process is extremely useful in the medical field, where the disease is expected to spread or increase in the near future. Genome sequencing goes by a wide range of names such as full genome sequencing, complete genome sequencing, or entire genome sequencing.
The process mainly involves deciphering the nucleotide sequence to determine the full genetic code of the microorganism by visualising its DNA or RNA sequence.The sequenced genome is then analysed against a reference genome for that species. Thus, making it an essential tool, added to the toolkit of public health experts and used for taking precautions and necessary action in the event of any infectious disease outbreaks. Genome sequencing is a comprehensive method of analysis which is used to track and decipher entire genomes.
Stanford Medicine Scientists used an ultra-rapid genome sequencing approach to identify rare genetic diseases. This process received great acclaim for the short time in which it was attempted and completed at eight hours. Whole genome sequencing is a fast and affordable way to obtain high-level information about the bacteria using one single test. Scientists are attempting to study the entire genome sequence in order to understand how the genome as a whole works, how genes work together to direct the growth, development and maintenance of an entire organism. This process has received success in its research attempts and put to wide use in various research facilities.
Over the past twenty years, exponential advancements in DNA-sequencing technologies have greatly decreased the time, efforts and cost required to sequence an entire human genome. Currently, less than $1,000 is charged for a genome, making it feasible to have all of our genomes sequenced as part of an advised routine health care check-up in the near future, as has recently been put forward by Genomics England, in the UK. This is a big step in the medical field and is expected to have a huge impact on public health research and analysis in the future.
The intricate process of genome sequencing can be broadly classified into four stages- initially preparing the clones of the organism's genome, DNA sequences collection of clones, generation contig assembly and development of an acceptable database. This can be used to assess the possibility of detrimental alterations in the genomes of an organism. Previously this process took a year for completion but now, it can be performed in a matter of hours with expert precision, considering that the particular alteration is present in the genome being assessed.
While the entirety of genome sequencing is still being studied and analysed, a few of its benefits and detriments have been brought to light. Focusing on the positive side, genome sequencing helps to obtain scientific information with potential medical implications; it is affordable and technically accurate; is ahead of non-genetic healthcare providers; gives a sense of empowerment and psychological benefits; provides valuable and crucial information for future generations in a client's family. All these positive points of genome sequencing facilitates a fair and rational method of scientific analysis, in reference to public health and safety.
On the other hand, genome sequencing has brought about a few negative factors as well. This broadly includes the lack of analytical and clinical validity or utility; inaccurate interpretation and test failure; negative impact on psychological well-being; lack of privacy or chances of discrimination. To summarise, genome sequencing, while providing a new front on medical research, also has a number of drawbacks. Irrespective, the advantages of genome sequencing exceeds its determinants by a variety of factors. Thus, constant efforts by scientists towards advancements in this aspect would surely ensure an excellent impact in the long run. Genome sequencing has propelled medical research towards public safety and welfare, especially in the context of any disease or virus.
In respect to the coronavirus, genome sequencing had been put to use. This was a good decision as it is being used to track the virus. The virus molecules have been known to change and mutate over time. This had spread panic on a global scale leading to another set of problems. Genome sequencing has been instrumental in tracking the properties of the virus that have been changing and are able to connect those clinical properties to the genetic sequence of the virus. Scientists from all over the world have been sharing these sequences on a common platform, the whole world can ascertain where the variants are, which variants are emerging after mutation, and public health experts can take all the required and necessary action based on this information.
Genome sequencing helped countries to increase or reduce their public health actions based on the data that they were receiving from the scientific research labs, which was also provided to the hospitals to prepare the facilities if there was a surge that was expected in the near future. This process has become necessary too, so that we could understand whether the vaccines are effective, even in the long run.It's not just for COVID, but for all infectious diseases, that genome sequencing can give us a lot of information on how to track, how to tackle these issues and improve our public health response.
Thus, Genome sequencing is a significant and appreciable medical approach to tackling problems in its field, providing crucial information and allowing public health experts to decipher them before taking any required action. Surely, this method has proved to be effective and has gained a positive response from medical fields all over the world.
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